It is not legal to broadcast on FM without a license from the FCC, regardless of power. The Federal Code of Regulations that regulates legal, unlicensed FM transmissions is Title 47, Part 15.
Improving FM Transmitter Performance
Some transmitters may scan for a blank frequency. You can also take steps to improve FM transmitter performance if your device lacks this functionality.
Operation is subject to: (1) not causing harmful interference, and (2) accepting any interference received. A Part 15 device falls under 47 CFR § 15.5. These are unlicensed electronics that need to adhere to regulations to avoid interfering with other devices. The FCC requires devices to accept interference to prevent interference issues.
FM transmitters work like tiny radios. They broadcast audio over a standard FM frequency that you tune on your car stereo. For instance, set the transmitter to 89.9 FM, and tune your radio to that frequency to hear your music.
FM transmitters have a short range of 100–300 feet, depending on receiver quality, obstructions, and elevation. They are often used in cars but also for broadcasting from a computer.
The minimum power for an FM station is 100 watts (0.100 kilowatts). If 1,000 watts is used, the signal will propagate just over 20 miles.
Pirate Radio and Legal Broadcasting
Here’s what to do to make a pirate radio station:
You’ll need:
- FM radio transmitter
- Open the transmitter
- Replace the antenna
- Remove resistors
However, pirate radio stations are illegal, as they broadcast without a valid license.
Costs of Launching an FM Station
You can launch a low power FM station for under $15,000 upfront. Expenses may be under $1,000 per month, depending on the type.
A studio transmitter link sends a station’s audio and video between the studio and transmitter locations, typically within the frequency range of 170MHz – 2.5GHz.
Legal Considerations and Range
Are personal FM transmitters legal?
Yes, Part 15 certified FM transmitters can be used legally by anybody, anywhere in the U.S. without the need for a license. They convert audio into a radio frequency, which is then amplified, modulated, and broadcast within the standard FM band of 87.5-108 MHz.
How far will an FM transmitter reach?
Being low-powered, most transmitters typically have a range of 100–300 feet (30–100 meters), depending on several factors including receiver quality and physical obstructions.
What is the maximum radio power without a license?
Typically, personal mobile radio (PMR446) is utilized as a license-free experimental band. For power supply units (PSUs), an 80 PLUS rating indicates a minimum of 80% energy efficiency.
Miscellaneous Concerns
AM radio does well in mountainous or sparsely populated areas, whereas FM coverage is more limited.
The internet radio stations often have the lowest cost compared to launching an LPFM radio station. The greatest FM transmitters have a broad frequency range and compatibility.
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