Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstones. It is considered a geoscience and a branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems. The characteristic properties of gemstones, such as hardness, color, refractive index, gravity, and crystal structure, are explained in terms … Read more
Commoditization is the process by which a product or service becomes a commodity, or a standard unit of commerce. In other words, commoditization is the process of making a product or service interchangeable with other products or services of the same type. The term is often used in reference to technology, as products and services … Read more
Commodity price risk is the risk that the price of a commodity will move up or down, impacting the profitability of companies that use that commodity. It is also known as commodity price risk or commodity market risk. How is commodity price volatility calculated? Commodity price volatility is calculated by taking the standard deviation of … Read more
A Timber Investment Management Organization (TIMO) is an entity that pools together capital from multiple investors and invests it into timberland and timber-related assets. TIMOs typically invest in large tracts of land with the goal of holding the property for the long term and managing it for maximum returns. TIMOs use a variety of strategies … Read more
Timberland investments refer to purchasing and owning shares in a company that owns, leases, or manages forests and timberlands. These companies are typically involved in the logging, lumber, and paper industries. There are a few reasons why timberland can be a good addition to your stock portfolio. First, timberland is a very long-term investment. The … Read more
Hotelling’s theory is a theory of how businesses compete in a market where there are many buyers and sellers. The theory is named after Harold Hotelling, who first formulated it in 1929. Hotelling’s theory is based on the idea that businesses will try to locate themselves in the most advantageous position in the market. They … Read more
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) defines an “eligible commercial entity” as a person or company that meets certain criteria, including: -Being engaged in business activities involving the production, processing, packaging, transporting, holding, or trading of certain commodities; -Deriving a substantial portion of its revenue from these activities; -Having a net worth of at least … Read more
Gross Processing Margin (GPM) is a measure of a company’s ability to generate profit from the production and sale of its products or services. It is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the company’s revenue. The resulting figure represents the company’s gross profit before other expenses are deducted. GPM is a … Read more
How They Work, Examples, and Legality. What are cartels? Cartels are groups of companies that agree to fix prices, divide up markets, or otherwise limit competition. In some cases, cartels are illegal. In others, they are not. Is Pepsi and Coke an example of a cartel explain? A cartel is an organization of producers of … Read more
A common resource is a natural or man-made resource that is shared by multiple people or groups. Common resources are typically renewable resources, such as air, water, or land. However, they can also be non-renewable resources, such as oil or minerals. The term “common resource” is often used interchangeably with the term “public good”. However, … Read more
