Charter schools are unique educational institutions that have certain freedoms and face different challenges compared to traditional public schools. Let’s delve into their funding, legal status, and operational characteristics.
Funding Structure and Challenges
Charter schools in Texas receive state funding based on the number of students who attend the school. The basic allotment for public education in the 2019-20 school year was $6,160 per student. The law also provides additional funding for "special populations" such as low-income students, students with disabilities, and English language learners.
Unlike independent school districts, Texas charter schools receive no local property tax dollars and solely rely on state funding. These schools, on average, receive less funding per pupil than independent school districts (ISDs), according to the Texas Education Agency.
Furthermore, charters receive additional revenue from federal grants, private donations, and sometimes loans, but often struggle with startup costs. They are known to repurpose buildings such as old factories, churches, and gyms for educational use.
Legal Status and Autonomy
Under Texas law, charter schools are public schools that are operated by private nonprofit or for-profit organizations under a contract or "charter" with the state. This arrangement has led to debates over school funding and the flexibility of charter schools to claim either government or private status in legal situations.
While they are accountable to state standards like ISDs, charter schools have more autonomy over their curriculum, schedules, and academic focus. This combination of public funding and increased operational freedom is appealing to many parents.
Since the first charter law passed in Minnesota in 1991, the charter school sector in Texas has expanded, with over 500 schools now in operation, reflecting the demand from parents for this model of education.