Septic tanks are designed to filter wastewater rather than hold it. The main reason for an overwhelmed septic tank is its drainfield. Heavy rainfall can quickly flood the ground around the drainfield leaving it saturated, making it impossible for water to flow out of your septic system. Septic tanks have three primary units: inlet pipe, tank, and drain field. Solid waste settles at the bottom of the tank and becomes sludge. Grease and lighter solids will float to the top and create scum.
If there are any cracks in your pipes or septic tank, it can lead to wastewater seeping out of your septic tank. Your septic tank can sustain damage if someone drives over it.
Preventative Measures
To prevent septic system problems during heavy rain:
- Limit water use
- Pump your septic tank every 3-5 years
- Install septic tank risers and lids
- Check baffle tees
Keep stormwater runoff away from your system. Water from roofs and driveways should be diverted away from the septic tank and drainfield area. Watching what goes down the drains can help to reduce the risk of issues.
Without proper drain field maintenance, the entire septic system is bound to fail. Methods of drain field rehabilitation used by septic service providers to remedy system failure include adding more soil, replacing the field, or using an advanced treatment system.
Addressing Overflows
How do I stop my septic tank from backing up when it rains?
An emergency septic service cleaning can provide temporary relief, but this is often a futile exercise in battling mother nature. Maintaining the septic system AFTER the heavy rains can help prevent backups. Here are some steps you can take:
- Do not send the basement sump pump water into the septic tank.
- Reroute any rainwater from your roof gutters away from the drain field.
- Stop using the garbage disposal and dishwasher.
- Reduce the number and duration of showers and if possible, take sponge baths.
As preventive steps before heavy rain, limit water use and avoid sending non-biodegradable products down the drains. Maintain adequate bacteria levels to ensure solids break down properly, which is crucial to avoid overflows or clogs. If there is an odor from your drains or toilet, it could indicate a backup when the tank overflows to the drain field, clogging pipes. To keep the system functioning correctly, avoid using antibacterial cleaners which can harm the necessary bacteria in your tank.