The IRS requires federal nonprofits to have at least three board members. To maintain tax-exempt status, comply with both federal and state rules.
Understanding Board Size
While the law sets minimums, research shows "average" boards have 15-16 members. But average doesn’t mean effective. Boards with fewer than 15 members risk burnout from numerous duties.
Boards should provide governance, support functions like fundraising and finance, and help with programs or advocacy. Assess weaknesses to determine ideal size and composition.
More members can extend your reach. But too few limits diversity. Consider organization size, mission, diversity needs and desired board role when deciding membership numbers.
Separate "governing boards" from "advisory boards" with different memberships. Each plays a distinct role. Consider 9-14 members for small-mid-size groups to avoid burnout.
Executive Roles and Recruitment
- Chair/President
- Vice Chair
- Secretary
- Treasurer
Look for the skills each executive role requires when recruiting.
Assess your needs, then recruit to match.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a Nonprofit Function Without a Board of Directors?
No, the IRS requires federal nonprofits to have at least three board members. State requirements range from one to five. To maintain tax-exempt status, comply with both federal and state rules.
What is the Minimum Number of Board of Directors?
The IRS requires federal nonprofits to have at least three board members. State requirements can vary.