Vodka is usually the best choice for tinctures, but you can use brandy instead. The alcohol must be at least 80-proof (40% alcohol) to prevent mildewing. 100-proof (50%) alcohol is better if available.
To extract constituents, 60% alcohol works but 90% is better. For alcohol-free options, use water, glycerin, or vinegar. Alcohol, often vodka, efficiently extracts resins and alkaloids not water-soluble.
Although Everclear grain alcohol is ideal, any high-proof alcohol works. Vodka is fine unless chemicals require extra hydrophobic solvents.
Ethyl alcohol is safe, given tiny tincture doses. It extracts diverse compounds from herbs like maca. Opt for food-grade to avoid health risks.
Standard tinctures use 1:5 dried herb:liquid and 1:2 fresh herb:liquid ratios. These work for vinegars and glycerins too. Oxymels make tasty alcohol-free options. Dilute alcohol tinctures in juice or hot tea.
For echinacea, use 100 proof vodka, though lower works. No need to powder herbs, just cut small and uniform. Best ratio is 20g herb: 200mL vodka. Higher alcohol concentrations extract more from resins and barks.
Is vodka or Everclear better for tinctures?
What liquid is best for tinctures?