Cow Space Needs
A cow-calf pair needs at least two acres to live on. This varies based on the type of pasture available and other conditions. A cow needs space to lie down and rest, as well as access food and water, and exercise. An adult cow requires at least about 800 cubic feet of air space under tropical conditions. Generally, it’s recommended you provide 2-5 acres per cow.
Indoor and Bunk Space
For the shelter, cows need:
- At least 20 to 30 square feet per cow if they have access to a lot.
- 35 to 50 square feet per cow if they do not have access to a lot.
A cow barn should have a height of 8 feet at the sides and 15 feet at the ridge for sufficient air space. A continuous ridge ventilation system is optimal for effective ventilation.
- Bunk space per cow: 20-30 square feet.
- Feeding area: 2 to 2 1⁄2 feet of manger space per cow.
Economic Considerations
While providing ample space for cows incurs initial costs, the long-term economic benefits and reputation gains make it a worthwhile investment.
- Average net return over 11 years: $96.51 more per cow, annually $152.42 in profit.
Shelter Design and Requirements
Cows need minimal shelter, but during calving, it’s beneficial to have a dedicated space for the cows and calves. A common size suggestion for a freestall is 12’x12′, especially for milking. The average cow shelter provides:
- 20 to 30 square feet per cow or up to 300 square feet for more intensive operations like dairies.
- A barn that is spacious and secure from predators.