Overview of New Mexico
New Mexico is a state in the southwestern United States. It shares borders with Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Arizona. New Mexico has diverse geography, including mountains, deserts, and national parks. The climate is generally arid. The population is approximately 2.1 million, concentrated around Albuquerque. Its largest city is Albuquerque and its capital is Santa Fe, founded in 1610. Three Native American tribes have federally-protected land in New Mexico – the Navajo, Pueblo, and Apache. Its state constitution recognizes Spanish and English as official languages.
Cultural and Historical Significance
New Mexico has a rich cultural heritage from Native American tribes and Hispanic influences. Santa Fe is the oldest capital in the United States. The Navajo Indians comprise the largest Native population, and one resident out of three speaks Spanish at home. Significant scientific facilities are located in the state. The atomic bomb was developed at Los Alamos Lab and detonated at Trinity Site.
Statehood and Geography
The area was claimed by Spain in the 16th century, became part of Mexico in 1821, and was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican-American War. New Mexico achieved statehood on January 6, 1912, as the 47th state. Spanish explorers passed through in the 16th century.
Economy and Challenges
Tourism is an important industry, and New Mexico also attracts tourists with its close connections to the space industry. Unfortunately, New Mexico struggles with crime, produces significant greenhouse gases from fossil fuels, and ranks low on livability indexes. The federal government is the biggest employer, and more than one-third of the land is protected.
New Mexico was first settled by Pueblo Indians who built cities and irrigation systems. While considered southern, its high elevation provides four seasons.