Automation is the use of electronics and devices to control processes, aimed at boosting efficiency and reliability. In manufacturing plants today, robotic assembly lines increasingly perform functions humans used to do, changing car manufacturing dramatically across the world.
Examples of Automation
The following are common types of automation:
- Programmable process automation – software and computer-controlled equipment to automate tasks like assembly line operations, quality control, and material handling.
- Service robots – performing useful tasks for humans or equipment, such as employee analytics and hiring process automation.
- Power backup devices – connecting to stored backup power to avoid abrupt power cuts when the regular power supply fails.
- Agricultural machinery – includes harvesters, irrigation systems, plowing machines, and self-driving tractors.
Additional examples include machining transfer lines, automatic assembly machines, certain chemical processes, CNC machines, and the use of flexible automation with computer programs.
Impact and Types of Automation
Automation streamlines processes, reduces human error, enhances productivity, and frees up workers by using machines, software, and systems to execute repetitive or complex actions efficiently. However, it can lead to job loss for unskilled workers, having negative wage and employment effects for occupations not requiring training.
Some key components of automation include:
- Action elements
- Sensing mechanisms
- Control elements
- Decision elements
- Programs
Everyday automation examples include mobile apps, power backup devices, automated assembly lines, and agricultural machinery. To automate ice making, systems to feed and cool water and separate ice are installed, ensuring continuous operation from water feed to ice collection.