Canine Reproductive Cycle
The canine reproductive cycle is made up of 4 stages: proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus.
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Proestrus Stage: Lasts roughly 9 days with physical signs like an enlarged vulva and bloody discharge.
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Estrus Stage: The best time for breeding is typically between the tenth and fourteenth day of estrus. Some females ovulate as early as the third day or as late as the eighteenth day. Blood tests or vaginal cytology can help determine the best period.
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Diestrus Stage: Marks the end of fertility. The vulva returns to normal size, and discharge stops.
Identifying Heat Cycles
When a female dog is going into heat, she will bleed from the vulva with a range of colors. About 12 days after the bleeding slows and lightens, the dog will be fertile.
Fertility During Heat
The best days to breed a dog in heat are typically between the 10th and 14th day of her estrus. The canine reproductive cycle lasts about 18 days but can range from 12 to 28 days. Typically, the best time to breed is 11 to 13 days after bleeding starts when it has lightened to a pink color.
Signs & Duration of Heat
A dog stays in heat for 1.5-2 weeks, with a pregnancy window of around 7 days. Signs of heat include a swollen vulva, frequent licking, and changes in affection. The same changes that mark the beginning also signal the end of heat.
Breeding Timing
High-end dog sellers may breed their dogs between the 10th and 14th day of estrus and sell their dogs for $2,500 each with an annual revenue potential of $60,000. It’s essential to monitor the specific health and cycles of the dog rather than relying on general timeframes. Consult a veterinarian for the best time to breed.