To run a zoo in England, Scotland and Wales, you need a licence from the local authority, who regulate them under the Zoo Licensing Act 1981. If your zoo is open to the public on 7 or more days in a 12-month period a license is required. The license is granted for 4 years initially, and 6 years upon renewal. Licenses ensure zoos have:
- Educational programs about biodiversity
- Suitable facilities and environments for the animals
- High standards of animal care
Local authorities inspect zoos working with government-appointed Zoo Inspectors. Fines up to £2,500 can be imposed for operating without a license. Licenses must be displayed at the zoo entrance or fines up to £1,000 may result.
Entrepreneur magazine estimates startup costs for a small zoo between $10,000 and $50,000. Requirements include:
- A business plan
- Understanding regulations
- Acquiring land
- Building enclosures
- Acquiring animals
Operating costs include:
- Staff
- Veterinary care
- Food
- Maintenance
- And more
Conservation, education, research, and entertainment goals must be balanced with quality animal care.
Privately-owned zoos can achieve accreditation from the Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA) and World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) by meeting strict animal welfare and operational standards. The Phoenix Zoo is the largest private non-profit AZA and WAZA accredited zoo in the U.S. Publicly-owned zoos, like the San Diego Zoo, also require high standards for animal care and guest experiences.