Helicopters run on two types of fuel depending on their engine configuration. Helicopters powered by a piston engine use a type of gasoline known as aviation gas (AVGAS). Helicopters equipped with turboshaft gas turbine engines use jet fuel. Reciprocating piston engine helicopters running on AVGAS have an average weight of around 2,500 lbs, up to five seats, and can only travel short distances. They are primarily built for personal transportation, law enforcement, pilot training, sightseeing tours, aerial surveillance and lightweight cargo deliveries.
As the majority of helicopters in civil aviation use gasoline piston engines, the most commonly used fuel for helicopters in North America and Western Europe is 100LL Avgas.
Engine Types and Operation
There are two main types of helicopter engines: piston engines and turbine engines. Turbine engines produce tremendous power but are more expensive to operate. Approximately 75 percent of the incoming airflow is used to cool the turbine engine. The turbine engine used in helicopters operates differently than those used in airplanes. In helicopters, the exhaust outlets do not contribute to forward motion.
Emergency Procedures and Variations
If a helicopter engine fails, the machine will yaw violently to one side. When this happens, the pilot needs to instantly lower the collective to initiate a descent. Large helicopters now use two or three turboshaft engines, while medium helicopters may use one. Light utility helicopters still often use piston engines. The power from both helicopter rotors comes from one or two turboshaft jet engines.
Maintenance and Safety
Helicopter engineers use various software programs for maintenance and repair. They also use specialized tools for inspections and other tasks. Engineers may need security clearance to access sensitive information. Safety measures include following protocols during repairs.