Types of Irrigation:
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Surface Irrigation
- Employs gravity to distribute water over a field by following the contour of the land.
- Applicable if the area has sufficient water and is naturally sloped.
- Flood irrigation, a type of surface irrigation, loses about 50 percent of water applied.
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Drip Irrigation
- Delivers water directly to the root zone of plants through a network of pipes and emitters.
- Most efficient irrigation method, using 30 to 70 percent less water than other systems.
- Ideal for water conservation and growing crops in clay soils.
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Sprinkler Irrigation
- Delivers water in a spray form to crop surfaces.
- Wastes water through evaporation, runoff, and wind.
- A 5 zone sprinkler system costs $3,250 to $6,000.
Most Effective Use of Water:
Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation is the most effective technique for providing water and nutrients to crops with less water loss. It is ideal for water conservation and growing crops in clay soils as it is the most efficient irrigation method, using 30 to 70 percent less water than other systems.
Surface Irrigation vs. Drip Irrigation
Surface or flood irrigation is the least efficient manner of irrigation. When a field is flooded, more water than needed by the plant is applied, causing water loss through evaporation and percolation.
Common Types of Irrigation:
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Center Pivot Irrigation System
- Delivers water uniformly across crops by a spray or bubbling system.
- Width of the area irrigated, rotation speed, and water amount depend on the system.
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Sprinkler Irrigation
- Sprays water onto the soil from above in a circular, rectangular, or lateral pattern.
- Uses less water compared to surface irrigation and can be applied to various terrains.
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Drip Irrigation Efficiency
- Achieves 95-100 percent water use efficiency.
- Tube Wells are the simplest, cheapest, and independent source of irrigation.
Summary:
- Surface irrigation is the most widespread method, suitable for specific conditions.
- Drip irrigation is efficient and appropriate for conserving water.
- The goal of drip irrigation is to provide water when plants need it most for proper growth.